Surpoids, obésité et cancer

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are now major public health challenges worldwide. Beyond their well-known metabolic consequences, they are now recognized as significant risk factors for several types of cancer. This association can be explained by various biological mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and the endocrine activity of adipose tissue. In this context, our work aims to explore the link between excess weight and cancer through an approach combining a comprehensive literature review and a descriptive study conducted at the Oncology Department of the Centre for Cancer Control (CLCC) in Sétif. This study, conducted on a sample of patients with various types of cancer, aimed to assess the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on tumor incidence, treatment tolerance, and prognosis, taking into account variables such as age, sex, and comorbidities. The results revealed a significant association between obesity and several cancers, particularly breast, colon, and prostate cancers. A decrease in treatment tolerance was also observed in obese patients. These findings underscore the importance of integrating obesity prevention into cancer control strategies, especially in specialized centers such as CLCC Sétif.