Nanoparticules et microbiote intestinal entre dysbiose induite et stratégies de modulation thérapeutique

Abstract

This study in molecular pathology presents a comprehensive review of the scientific literature examining the relationship between the gut microbiota and nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on their potential effects on gut microbiota homeostasis and their role in the development of microbial imbalances. The first section introduces the fundamental concepts underpinning the gut microbiota, including its definition, composition, diversity, principal physiological functions, and its contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis. Special attention is devoted to the phenomenon of gut microbiota dysbiosis and its implications for human health. The second section addresses nanoparticles, covering their distinct classes, physicochemical properties, and wide-ranging applications across the agri-food, medical, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. The thesis subsequently examines the adverse effects of nanoparticles on the gut microbiota, highlighting their capacity to alter the composition and diversity of microbial communities, thereby potentially contributing to the onset of various dysbiosis-associated pathologies. Finally, this work discusses the potential benefits of specific nanoparticles, particularly their application in innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at protecting, modulating, or restoring gut microbiota equilibrium. The primary objective of this theoretical study is to synthesize current scientific knowledge on nanoparticle–gut microbiota interactions in order to better elucidate the risks and benefits associated with their growing use across multiple sectors. This review underscores the importance of a thorough assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on human health and highlights the need for continued research in this rapidly evolving field.