Les effets antioxydant, analgésique, anti- inflammatoire et gastro-protecteur de l’extrait hydroéthanolique de la plante potentilla sp.

Abstract

Species of the genus Potentilla (Family Rosacée) are recognized as medicinal plants rich in phenolic compounds with significant pharmacological importance. Several species of this genus have traditionally been used to treat inflammation, relieve pain, and manage gastrointestinal disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of a 50% hydroethanolic extract of Potentilla collected from the Sètif region. Particular emphasis was placed on its antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective activities. The extraction yield was 15.83%. Phytochemical analyses revealed that the extract was rich in total phenolic compounds (338.95 ± 3.60 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (18.00 ± 0.04 mg QE/g extract), and tannins (110.49 ± 0.56 mg TAE/g extract). The extract also exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.0243 ± 0.00017 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and 0.217 ± 0.022 mg/mL in the ferrozine iron-chelating assay. Evaluation of analgesic activity using the acetic acid-induced writhing model showed inhibition rates of 32.55% and 49.27% at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, compared with 81.20% for diclofenac. The extract also demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in the xylene-induced ear edema model, with inhibition percentages ranging from 73.08 ± 2.52% to 80.77 ± 2.52%. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, the extract reduced the ulcer index from 1.88 ± 0.34% to 0.74 ± 0.05% and 0.40 ± 0.13% at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, corresponding to protection rates of 60.70% and 78.77%, respectively, compared with 89.16% for omeprazole as positive contral. These findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of Potentilla as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective properties. These biological activities may be attributed, at least in part, to its high content of phenolic compounds, making this plant a promising candidate for pharmaceutical applications and the development of natural therapeutic products.