ANALYSE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET EVALUATION IN VITRO DES ACTIVITES ANTIOXYDANTES ET ANTIBACTERIENNESDE DEUX PLANTES DE LA FLORE ALGERIENNE : GLOBULARIA ALYPUM L. ET ANASTATICA HIEROCHUNTICA L.

Abstract

Algerian flora is potentially rich in medicinal plant species and represents a highly promising source for the valorization of plant-based therapeutic activities. The current study is part of an effort to promote the medicinal plants of the Algerian flora. The objective of this research is to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate, in vitro, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Globularia alypum L. and Anastatica hierochuntica L. In order to accomplish this, extracts of Globulariaalypum L. (stems and leaves/flowers) and Anastatica hierochuntica L. (aerial parts) were presented to a phytochemical screening employing colorimetric, precipitation, and fluorescence tests. Using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and the agar diffusion method, respectively, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were evaluated against four bacterial species. The stem extract of Globularia alypum exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 4.6 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 4.7 µg/mL). The leaves/flowers extract of the same species showed an IC₅₀ value of 8.6 µg/mL, whereas the aerial-part extract of Anastatica hierochuntica displayed an IC₅₀ value of 53 µg/mL. Regarding antibacterial activity, the aerialpart extract of Anastatica hierochuntica L. showed no inhibition zone against any of the tested bacterial strains. In contrast, the extracts of Globularia alypum demonstrated antibacterial activity only against sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 16 mm. Comparison with the reference antibiotics revealed significantly larger inhibition zones for the latter. The findings obtained provide promising prospects for further investigations. It would be relevant to quantify total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabolites in order to establish correlations between chemical composition and the observed biological activities.