Étude rétrospective des cas reçus dans le cadre de l’activité de toxicologie d’urgence (2018-2022) étude prospective janvier-mars 2023

Abstract

Introduction : Acute poisoning is a danger worldwide Algeria also does not escape this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to conduct a retrospective study using data from submissions and toxicological results from emergency toxicology at the CHU Saadna Abdenour Sétif toxicology laboratory. In order to describe the profiles of applications and toxicological test results and to identify the risk factors associated with the positive results identified. Materials and Methods : This study consists of two components: a retrospective approach based on the toxicology demand sheets, and a prospective approach using a questionnaire administered within the toxicology department of Sétif CHU. The collected data is then analyzed using software R through the exact chi2 and Fisher statistical tests. Results : Of a total of 607 suspected cases of acute intoxication, 41.29% were found to be positive, with female predominance (OR=1.15). Patients over the age of 16 were found to have a significantly higher risk of a positive outcome, almost twice as high. (p<0.0001) The requesting service was also significant (p <0001), mainly the medical emergency block (40.08%), the medical resuscitation service (34.81%) and the pediatric pole (19.43%). The substances most frequently involved were benzodiazepines (48.17%), antidepressants (14.97%) and cannabis (12.14%). Among the positive cases, neurological signs (76.11%), pulmonary signs (7.69%) and cardiovascular signs (6.47%) were the most common. For toxicological methods, thin layer chromatography on blood (CCM on blood) was the most frequently used method, although it had the lowest percentage of positive results (17.40%). In contrast, the SEIMENS EMIT Pro-E® blood analysis showed the highest percentage of positive results (44.93%). Conclusion : These results provided an overview of toxicology department activity in the emergency setting. It also highlighted the substances most involved in our positive results.