Activités biologiques de plantes médicinales: anchusa azurea mill. Et globularia alypum l.

Abstract

Anchsa azurea (AA) and Globularia alypum (GA) are medicinal plants largely used traditionally in folk medcine in Algeria, locally named: Hamham and Tasselgha, respectively. They are effective in the treatement of various diseases. In this study, the preparation of various extracts from Anchsa azurea (AA) and Globularia alypum (GA) using solvent with increasing polarity were determined. The quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids showed that the extract ethyl acetate (AcE) contains the higher amount of polyphenols. However, chloroform extract (ECh-AA) and EAc-GA present the higher amount of flavonoids. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using the diffusion method on agar against 11 ATCC strains. The ECh, EAc were more active on the most bacteria. In synergy test with Gentamicin, additive, potential, antagonist and synergic effects were found. The aqueous extracts EAq-AA and EAq-GA and methanolic extract EBr-GA showed a good inhibitory activity on β-lactamase where the inhibition percentage vary between 38% and 50% using a concentration of 1.25 mg/ml. EAc-GA, EBr-GA et EAc-AA showed an important scavenging activity using the DPPH radical (IC50= 38.15, 37.48 and 68.35 µg/ml, respectively). The results showed that extracts EAc-GA, EBr-GA and EAc-AA exhibited very great inhibition on the oxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid (84.33%, 84.05% and 76.21%, respectively). All extracts increased the HT50 values (Half-Hemolysis Time) in dose-dependent manner. The concentration 84.74μg/ml of ECh-GA and EAc-GA enhance significantly erythrocyte anti radicalar system. The antioxidant activity of extracts was confirmed in mice. The administration of EBr-AA (100 and 200 mg/ kg/day) and of EBr-GA, EAc-GA and EAq-GA (100 mg/kg/day) for 21 days resulted in a significant amelioration in both blood and plasma antioxidant capacity. EAc-GA revealed a potent inhibitory activity on bacterial xanthine oxydase. The extracts EBr-GA, ECh-GA and EAq-GA contain a competitive inhibitor. Whereas, EAc-GA, ECh-AA and EAc-AA were non-competitive inhibitors, EBr-AA and EAq-AA were incompétitifs inhibitors. In vivo study was performed on hyperurecemic mice models. EBr-AA and EAq-AA caused a significant decrease (66%) in plasmatic uric acid followed by ECh-GA and EAc-GA. The anti-inflammatory effect using PMA on mice showed that the methanolic extract of both plants reduced the weight of the ear edema. In conclusion, these plants have a strong pharmacological power, which supports their medicinal traditional use.