Etude écologique et cartographique de l’écosystème oasien par l’outil SIG et Télédétection : cas de l’oasis de Biskra Algérie sud

Abstract

Large Saharan agriculture in southeastern of Algeria have been witnessed into highly agroecosytemsfarming expansion, by adopting new technologies and Agriculture programs to develop the sector. This study involves an environmental and quantitative assessment of desertification in a desert oasis system (Southeast of Algeria) using MEDALUS model (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use), and then to test the date palm plantationseffect on desertification phenomenon, after to develop a suitability map for date palm farming for the Ziban region using GIS and Remote sensing tools, and finally exploring oasis floristic biodiversity and their response to environmental factors (Standard biological, standard morphological, standard biogeography, types of dissemination, strategies of Grime, and strategies of Noy-Meir).The results revealed, (i) first three quarters of the study area located in the central part (Plains and Depressions) is classified as a very sensitive area against Desertification,(ii) secondly the potential of DPP in controlling and mitigating desertification in hot drylands, which arising from the effectiveness of strategic agricultural policy programs. (iii) Thirdly, the Ziban region has important potential in the date palm farming, (iv) Fourthly, Biodiversity of plant species is important at the oasis ecosystem and well adapted to the environmental conditions, mainly desertification. The ability of remote sensing image processing and GIS technique is proven relevant for monitoring and rapid detection of longterm land change in large-area desert landscapes including oases with high accuracy and relatively low cost. In addition, oasis species are well adapted to Saharan environmental factors, and anthropogenic factors