مطبوعة بيداغوجية حول نماذج التوازن العام

Abstract

This pedagogical manual introduces Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models as an effective analytical tool for evaluating economic policies across multiple sectors. These models are grounded in standard microeconomic theory and provide a numerical framework for analyzing interactions between economic agents and productive sectors. The model structure rests on household utility maximization and firm profit maximization, subject to market-clearing conditions derived from Walrasian general equilibrium theory. The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) serves as the core data foundation for model calibration, capturing all income and expenditure flows within the national economy. The RAS method enables updating and balancing the SAM through a statistically consistent iterative procedure suitable for countries with limited data availability. The GAMS software is employed for numerical estimation and policy simulation, allowing scenario-based analysis of various economic shocks and interventions. Applications span fiscal, trade, environmental, and industrial policy analysis, with particular relevance to the context of the Algerian economy.