محددات الربحية في البنوك التجارية

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the determinants of profitability in Algerian commercial banks during the period (2020-2023) through an applied study on three major banks: the Algerian Popular Credit Bank (CPA), the Algerian National Bank (BNA), and Société Générale Algeria (SGA). The study focuses on measuring three profitability indicators: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Interest Margin (NIM), in addition to examining the impact of internal determinants (bank size, capital adequacy, liquidity, deposits) and external determinants (inflation rate, GDP growth) on these indicators. The study concluded that Société Générale Algeria (the private bank) achieved higher profitability rates compared to public banks, recording the highest averages in ROA (1.86%), ROE (16.28%), and NIM (6.06%) indicators. The results also showed statistically significant correlations between certain external determinants and profitability, particularly the inflation rate in BNA. The study recommended the importance of strengthening banking supervision and improving operational efficiency to support the stability of the Algerian banking system.