Contribution à l'optimisation d'un système de conversion photovoltaïque au fil de soleil

Abstract

This thesis focuses on optimising photovoltaic (PV) conversion systems by investigating critical aspects to enhance their efficiency, yield, and overall performance. The primary goal is to advance the effectiveness of these systems through a comprehensive examination of renewable energy integration, solar resource assessment, and key optimisation areas, including photovoltaic cell technologies, power converters, solar panel architecture, and advanced control methodologies. The study highlights the advantages of renewable energies (particularly solar) over fossil fuels in terms of environmental impact, sustainability and cost. It also analyzes methods for assessing a region's solar potential, the different types of photovoltaic cells and their efficiencies, the converters used in photovoltaic systems, optimal configurations for installing solar panels, and advanced control techniques such as pulse-width modulation (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, as well as the role of power converters, such as DC-DC converters and inverters, in optimizing energy conversion). The core work of this thesis involved the design and implementation of an RPWM (Repeated Pulse Width Modulation) modulator based on segment repetition for controlling an asynchronous motor, developed on two distinct platforms: a microcontroller-driven board and an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The achieved results demonstrate significant advancements, including an increased number of commutations per cycle, enhanced spectral response, a broad frequency range, minimal frequency variation steps, improved current waveform quality, silent motor operation, and promising practical applications. The successful integration of RPWM on both microcontroller and FPGA platforms underscores the versatility and efficiency of the proposed solution, marking a notable contribution to the field of motor control and power electronics.