Green synthesis and physicochemical of magnetic nanomaterials. Environmental treatment for adsorption of organic pollutants in aqueous media

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the removal of methylene blue via batch adsorption using magnetic bentonite-based adsorbents and their encapsulation in alginate. These materials un-derwent various , including SEM/EDS, IRTIF, XRD, and pHpzc analysis. The influence of different parameters on the adsorption process, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, was also examined. The study includes an analysis of isotherms and kinetics, modeled using mathematical approaches. The results indicate that adsorption kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order model, while the isotherms fit well with the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer . Additionally, the beads exhibit good durability, maintaining a removal efficiency exceeding 90 % after five regeneration cycles. In-depth theoretical inves-tigations using DFT, FMO, RDG, and QTAIM analyses identified van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding as the primary interactions governing adsorption. In conclusion, the devel-oped materials, particularly the composites, prove to be highly effective and environmentally friendly adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants.