La Maladie de Parkinson

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system, resulting in the loss of neurons and even dopaminergic neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra. This loss leads to decreased production of dopamine, a necessary neurotransmitter for motor control.Classic symptoms of this disease include resting tremor, muscle stiffness, slow movement, and balance issues. Current treatments are adapted to the degree of progression of the disease, ranging from increasing dopamine levels or mimicking its effects in the brain with oral therapies, to deep brain stimulation or continuous intestinal gel infusion as surgical solutions. However, these treatments remain symptomatic and lose their effectiveness as the disease progresses. Therefore, cell therapy and gene therapy appear to be revolutionary therapeutic approaches that aim to treat the true cause of the disease by focusing on preventing or regenerating neuronal degeneration.