Evaluation des activités antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoire et anti-coagulante d’une décoction des feuilles de Ficus carica L.

Abstract

Medicinal plants are important sources of secondary metabolism and are responsible for various biological properties. This will allow us to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a decoction of fig (Ficus carica) leaves. Quantitative analysis of the phenolic composition reveals that the extract is rich in polyphenols (64.12 ± 14.55 µg GAE/mg DW) and flavonoids (6.90 ± 0.64 µg QE/mg DW). The results of the antioxidant tests indicate strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 76.60 ± 0.114 µg/mL for the ABTS test and an EC50 of 57.912 ± 6.47 µg/mL for the test. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the high ferrite capacity, with an IC50 of 55.56 ± 2.43 µg/mL for the Ferrozine test, are presented. Furthermore, the toxicity study, conducted in a rural setting, shows that oral administration of a 2 g/kg dose of the extract produces no signs of toxicity. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity is also investigated by inducing an inflammatory response with xylene. Administration of additional oral doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg results in inhibition rates of 92.59%, 80.88%, and 83.30%, respectively. These results are superior to those obtained with a domestic anti-inflammatory, which produces an inhibition rate of 57.30%. Finally, the anticoagulant activity can be exploited to achieve concentrations between 1 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, and the coagulation time can be prolonged by 13 minutes at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, the decoction of Ficus carica contains important antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and anticoagulants, which can contribute to skin health. This allows for its use in traditional medicine as well as in the food and pharmaceutical industries.