Synthèse bibliographique sur l’utilisation des plantes dans la phytoremédiation : potentiel et limites

Abstract

This study examines, through an in-depth literature review, the potential and limitations of phytoremediation in Algeria in response to the alarming rise in soil and water pollution. Based on both national and international studies, it analyzes the biological mechanisms of remediation (phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation), the types of targeted pollutants, the plant species used, as well as the outcomes obtained in various experimental contexts. The findings reveal that this method represents a promising ecological alternative to conventional techniques, particularly in resource-limited regions. Local plants such as Phragmites australis, Atriplex halimus, and Typha latifolia have demonstrated notable effectiveness in extracting or stabilizing heavy metals and organic pollutants. However, several challenges remain, including the slow pace of the process, the low biomass production of certain hyperaccumulator species, and the lack of a structured regulatory framework. Finally, this study provides practical recommendations to support the integration of phytoremediation into Algerian environmental policies, emphasizing the valorization of plant biomass, beneficial interactions with microorganisms, and the development of a national strategy for the sustainable management of polluted ecosystems.