Composition Chimique et Activités Biologiques de L’huile Essentielle d'Anethum graveolens L

Abstract

The diversity of the plant world and its molecular richness constitute an important source of bioactive molecules of natural origin. In the pursuit of discovering new biologically active compounds, the chemical composition of the essential oil of Anethum graveolens was studied, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. The essential oil, extracted by hydrodistillation, demonstrated an average yield of 0.023 ± 0.35%. Chemical characterization by GC/MS revealed that this essential oil is composed of 35 chemical compounds, primarily monoterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes. The most abundant compounds were D-Limonene (30.25%), 2-Pinen-4-one (24.72%), alpha-Phellandrene (14.98%), beta-Myrcene (6.92%), and Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1methylethylidene) (4.54%). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH method; the results showed that this essential oil exhibits a relatively high scavenging effect with an IC50 of 0.057 mg/ml. Additionally, the oil demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity tested in vitro using the HRBC red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Specifically, at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, the essential oil provided 58.84% protection against hemolysis, comparable to that of Diclofenac (86.5%). Regarding antibacterial activity, the essential oil showed significant activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853.