Etude, fabrication et application des réseaux blazés

Abstract

The ever-increasing applications of spectral imaging require a spectral and spatial resolution of very good quality. Diffraction grating spectro-imagers are therefore preferred because they offer a high spectral resolution for a wide spectral band compared to other types such as those with a prism or a Fourier transform. Blazed gratings are exploited for this purpose, especially since currently, this type of grating offers many advantages: it effectively processes the dispersion, it sends the incident light power in high orders of the spectrum, with a large spectral dispersion; which offers a wider field of view and lower aberrations. The first objective of the thesis is to study diffraction gratings by explaining the two phenomena of diffraction and interference. The second objective of the thesis is to explain the most important techniques for manufacturing gratings and to address their applications in the field of spectroscopy in particular and optics in general.