Etude des paramètres hématologiques chez les femmes enceintes infectées par Toxoplasma gondii.

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a major disease affecting both humans and animals. In humans, transmission occurs through the accidental ingestion of oocysts via contaminated food or water, or from mother to fetus across the placenta. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to December 2025 among 44 pregnant women, aged 17 to 59 years, residing in Sétif. Seropositivity for anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies was evaluated using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. Complete blood count parameters were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using CoStat/CoHort (version 6.3, Berkeley, California). Our study revealed a positive seroprevalence of approximately 27.27%, corresponding to 12 pregnent women. Conversely, negative serology was observed in 32 cases, representing 72.73% of the sample. The infected group exhibited signs of an inflammatory response within the leukocyte. In toxopositive women, the lymphocyte count was significantly higher, at 42.7 ± 21.07 (%) vs. 23.36 ± 4.58 (%) (p < 0.001), respectively. Monocytes were 11.75 ± 16.01 (%) vs 4.63 ± 1.58 (%) (p < 0.05); neutrophil granulocytes were 83.12 ± 31.73 (%) vs. 67.06 ± 10.98 (%) (p < 0.05); eosinophil granulocytes were 3.21 ± 1.31 (%) vs. 1.98 ± 1.16 (%) (p < 0.05); and basophil granulocytes were 3.67 ± 0.78 (%) vs 0.62 ± 0.36 (%) (p < 0.001). Among seropositive women, the age group over 30 years displayed a greater number of altered hemogram parameters. This included a variable increase, ranging from significant for red blood cells (7.90 ± 8.37 × 102/L vs 4.10 ± 0.38 × 102/L; p < 0.04), thrombocytes, and basophil granulocytes, compared to a highly significant increase in lymphocyte counts relative to monocytes and basophil granulocytes. These results indicate that T. gondii can substantially disrupt hematological stability during pregnancy. The infection appears to trigger inflammation in the context of gestational toxoplasmosis and promote leukocyte mobilization. To raise greater awareness regarding infection-related complications, a detailed blood count should be integrated into routine prenatal care for pregnant women.