Synthesis of new hybrid materials incorporated into photocatalytic semiconductors, application in urban and industrial wastewater treatment

Abstract

The preservation of the environment and the resolution of ecological problems are essential for sustainably improving the quality of life and sustainable development. Photocatalysis assisted by semiconductors is garnering increasing interest due to its immense potential to address global energy and environmental challenges. This thesis explores the design and evaluation of advanced hybrid nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, specifically targeting recalcitrant dyes such as methylene blue and Biebrich scarlet. The main objective is to develop innovative photocatalysts based on zinc, bismuth, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), by integrating green synthesis methods to minimize the environmental impact of manufacturing processes. The results a notable photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/rGO , ensuring complete degradation of methylene blue in 140 minutes under UV irradiation. Moreover, the Bi₁₂ZnO₂₀/Bi₂O₃ composite demonstrated exceptional performance in the degradation of Biebrich scarlet, achieving adegradation rate of 100% in just 80 minutes. Moreover, doping g-C₃N₄ with phosphorus and titanium has significantly improved its photocatalytic activity under visible light, allowing for the complete degradation of Biebrich scarlet in 100 minutes. These studies highlight the potential of hybrid materials developed for practical applications in wastewater treatment, while emphasizing the importance of eco-friendly synthesis strategies for sustainable water resource management. Keywords: Photocatalysis, hybrid materials, green synthesis, degradation of organic dyes, ZnO/rGO, Bi₁₂ZnO₂₀/Bi₂O₃, P-g-C₃N₄@Ti-g-C₃N₄.