Évaluation des pratiques transfusionnelles en milieu obstétrical

Abstract

Blood transfusion in obstetrics is an essential medical practice in response to critical situations such as postpartum hemorrhage, a leading cause of maternal mortality. It requires thorough knowledge of blood products, precise clinical indications, and strict control of immunological and infectious risks. In obstetric settings, the physiological changes of pregnancy, nutritional anemia, and hemorrhagic complications necessitate a tailored and safe transfusion management. This observational, retrospective, and descriptive study revealed that transfusion was performed in 2.3% of hospitalized patients—a relatively high rate compared to other regions in the Maghreb. The main indications for transfusion were postpartum anemia (47%) and early postpartum hemorrhage (18%). Red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) were the most requested blood products (139 requests), with a coverage rate of 95.8% for transfusion needs. Although transfusion tolerance was generally good, the study highlighted a nonconformity rate of 59.37% of the transfusion requests compared to the recommended thresholds, suggesting potential overuse—particularly of RBCs. The findings emphasize the importance of strict oversight, improved traceability, and continuous professional training to optimize transfusion safety and improve the quality of obstetric care