Évaluation de l’éthanolémie dans les bilans toxicologiques d’urgence

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the measurement of blood ethanol concentration, a key parameter in evaluating cases of alcohol intoxication managed in the toxicology department. In the first part, we discussed general aspects of ethanol: its physicochemical properties, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), its mechanism of action, as well as the clinical and biological manifestations of alcohol poisoning. The second part is dedicated to the various methods for measuring ethanol: gas chromatography68 (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), colorimetric methods, infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical, titrimetric, and enzymatic methods, including the regulatory aspects of this measurement. The objective of this work is to measure the blood ethanol concentration in all requests received in the emergency context at the Toxicology Laboratory of Setif University Hospital, whether or not there is a suspicion of alcohol consumption. The results obtained confirm the relevance of this approach within a clinical and medico-legal framework.