Diabète Gestationnel : Facteur du Risque, Evolution et Prise en Charge

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a disorder of carbohydrate tolerance, of variable severity, beginning or first diagnosed during pregnancy, irrespective of the term, the treatment required and the course after delivery. The aim of our study is to assess the association between the risk factors for developing DFG, its progression during pregnancy and its consequences for maternal and foetal health. This is a prospective study of 50 patients being followed for gestational diabetes in the gynaecology-obstetrics department of the Sétif mother and child hospital and in gynaecology surgeries in the wilaya of Sétif. Our series included patients aged between 24 and 45 years, most of whom had a BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 and a family history of chronic diabetes. These women had at least one risk factor (hypertension, thyroid disorder, PCOS, GDM) in their personal history and most were multiparous. Most were screened before the 24th week of pregnancy by fasting blood glucose tests combined with an oral glucose tolerance test. The most commonly used treatment was a dietary regimen with insulin therapy. In our study population, 26% presented complications during their pregnancy, with gestational hypertension being the most frequent pathology, followed by macrosomia with an infant weight greater than 4000 g. Diabetes persisted in 16 women (41.03%), while 23 women (58.97%) in the sample showed disappearance of GDM after delivery (for a sample of N=39). A multidisciplinary approach is essential to tackle GDM, focusing on awareness, prevention and early management to improve the health of pregnant women and their infants.