Développement de matériaux d’electrodes pour biopiles à combustibles

Abstract

Biofuel cells represent an attractive and ambitious option for developing alternative systems of energy conversion. This work describes the construction of an ethanol/O2 biofuel cell (ethanol oxidation at the anode and oxygen reduction oxygen at the cathode) from tridimensional electrodes with high specific surface area. The starting point was the synthesis and the optimization of the enzymatic bioelectrodes on gold electrodes by immobilizing enzymes and mediatorson polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, obtained by electrospinning method, and recovered by gold nanoparticles. The bioelectrodes (bioanode and biocathode) based on nanofibers have been assembled to build and to characterize an ethanol/O2 biofuel cell that has delivered a power density of 1600 µW/cm2 by the polarization method, and 210 µW/cm2 by imposing resistances to the system. Finally, we have described the production of the first miniaturized ethanol/O2 biofuel cell with immobilized enzymes at Au electrodes based on microfluidic concepts. The best microfluidic biofuel cell has delivered 90 µW/cm2. In order to increase the power delivered by these miniaturized systems, preliminary results have been obtained by stacking biofuel cells, working with enzymes in solution, in series or parallel.