Candida auris : Emergence, Biologie, Virulence et Facteurs de risque

Abstract

Candida auris is a multi-drug resistant haploid pathogenic yeast that has become a major threat to public health, particularly in hospital settings. Since its first identification in Japan in 2009, C. auris has rapidly spread across all continents, aided by its resistance to antifungals (azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and flucytosine), its ability to form biofilms, and its capacity to survive in various environmental conditions. It is classified into five distinct clades. Its precise identification requires the use of MALDI-TOFMS or molecular identification based on the sequencing of the D1-D2 region of 28 S ribosomal DNA. The main risk factors include prolonged hospitalization, the use of medical devices, and previous antibiotic or antifungal treatments. The resistance and transmissibility of C. auris make its epidemiological surveillance a priority, with recommendations to strengthen prevention and control measures, particularly hand hygiene and rigorous disinfection. The Algerian example highlights an unprecedented genetic diversity. A phylogenomic revision has led to reclassifying C. auris as Candidozyma auris, indicating the complexity of its evolutionary history and its clinical impact. This literature review is in line with this perspective and aims to provide an overview of the morphology, mode of transmission, identification, antifungal resistance, virulence traits, risk factors, and epidemiology of Candida auris. This literature review is in line with this perspective and aims to provide an overview of the morphology, mode of transmission, identification, antifungal resistance, virulence traits, risk factors, and epidemiology of Candida auris.