Etude bioécologique et systématique des Culicidae vecteurs dans la région de Sétif et essais de lutte

Abstract

The systematic study of mosquitoes in the district of Setif reveals the presence of 12 species distributed within a single subfamily, the Culicinae, which belong to 3 genera. The genus Culiseta includes 2 species, while the genus Aedes comprises Aedes caspius and Aedes vexans. Among these, Culex pipiens and Culiseta longeariolata are the most abundant species in urban areas (48.82% and 36.19%, respectively), whereas Culex pipiens dominates in rural zones (69.77%). The urban sites Kaser El Abtal, Guellal, and Ain Trick exhibit the highest diversity, with an index (H’) ranging between 0.03 and 0.04 bits. In contrast, a rural site El Hchichia, stands out as the most diverse with an H’ value of 1.12 bits compared to other rural sites. The finding indicate that the abundance of mosquitoes is directly influenced by the months (p < 0.001). Additionally, the interaction between the type of breeding habitat (urban or rural), water pH, and temperature significantly affects mosquito abundance (p = 0.01). Furthermore, a photochemical analysis of Mentha spicata essential oil revealed the presence of 43 components, with the following predominant compounds: chrysanthenone (33.96%), camphor (19.78%), and 1.8 cineole (8.24%). The essential oil of Mentha spicata shows larvicidal effectiveness against L3 larvae of Culex pipiens with LC50 values of 63 µl, 41 µl, and 30 µl after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. It also acts against L4 larvae of the same species with LC50 values of 73 µl, 60 µl, and 30 µl after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. These results highlight the potential of M. spicata as a natural and effective agent for controlling Culex pipiens mosquito larvae. The effect of lethal LC50 concentrations of M. spicata essential oil on Cx. pipiens cause a significant increase in protein and carbohydrate levels (p=0.006), and a significant decrease in lipid levels (p=0.01).