Les complications thrombo-emboliques chez les patients atteints du myélome multiple sous immunomodulateurs

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological disease whose treatment has been revolutionized by immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) such as thalidomide and lenalidomide. However, these agents are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications (TECs), which may threaten both prognosis and treatment continuation. Objective: To evaluate the incidence, clinical and biological characteristics, and risk factors of thromboembolic events in patients with multiple myeloma receiving IMiD-based therapies. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on a sample of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma and treated with IMiDs in a hematology department. Data collected included: age, sex, performance status, medical history, hematological and biological parameters, treatment protocol, and occurrence of TECs. Results: A significant proportion of patients developed TECs, mainly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The most common associated factors were: age ≥ 60 years, anemia, elevated fibrinogen levels, combination of IMiDs with corticosteroids, and lack of adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis. Conclusion: Preventing TECs in patients with multiple myeloma under IMiD therapy requires a thorough thrombotic risk assessment and individualized prophylactic strategies. Close monitoring is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality from these preventable complications.