Rôle des Biomédicaments dans la Prise en Charge des Maladies Auto-immunes (ex : polyarthrite rhumatoïde, psoriasis)

Abstract

This thesis addresses a highly significant topic in the field of medical immunology, namely the role of biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, specifically psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. This research responds to the rapid advancement of biological therapies, which have become an effective alternative to traditional treatments, particularly in chronic or treatment-resistant cases. To study this topic in depth, we adopted a dual approach that combines theoretical analysis with field research. A field study was conducted through fifty questionnaires distributed among three main groups: patients suffering from these two conditions, who constituted most participants; physicians specialized in autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases; and herbalists and practitioners of traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of biopharmaceuticals compared to conventional treatments, to measure their prevalence in clinical practice, and to understand how both patients and professionals perceive their efficacy, risks, and cost. The results revealed that most patients treated with biological drugs such as adalimumab, tocilizumab, or etanercept reported significant improvement in symptoms, particularly in terms of reduced inflammation and improved quality of life. However, certain challenges were identified, including the high cost of treatment, the need for continuous medical monitoring, and side effects that vary from one patient to another. In conclusion, this study shows that biopharmaceuticals represent a promising and effective therapeutic option for managing psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but they require integrated care, proper awareness, and thoughtful inclusion in public health policies.