Etude des effets des huiles polaires et apolaires des graines de Nigella sativa L. sur l’activité de l’élastase : Application à la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique et à l’emphysème pulmonaire

Abstract

The physiopathology of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), also known as chronic lung disease (COLD), is the co-of bronchitis and emphysema. It is characterized mainly by an inflammation of the central and peripheral lung airways and pulmonary , and by an imbalance of thebalance protease- , which is the master key of the physiopathology of this disease. Research from Nigella sativa L seeds (NS) of inhibitors, to the highly raised elastase activity by activated polynuclear neutrophils and or to the reduction of α1 antitrypsin is of great medical and therapeutical use in COPD. In this context, we have attempted to assess and evaluate, in vitro, the effects of polar and non-polar lipids extracted from the seeds of the plant Nigella sativa (NS) on the protease activity of the enzyme elastase in the context of COPD and emphysema. The total oil of seeds of NS was extracted with a yield of 29, 21 ± 2,012 %, the separation of this oil by column chromatography (CC) was used to separate five non-polar fractions (92, 12 %) and three polar fractions (7,83 %). Analysis by gaz chromatography of polar and non-polar oils extracted from NS seeds showed revealed a high amount of non-saturated fatty acids. Inhibition of elastase activity pure (specific activity 3.96 μmôle / min / mg enzyme) by the total oil and different fractions revealed that the total oil fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect with IC50 of 129.29 ± 1.4μg/ml, while the different fractions exert a synergistic effect.The mean of protein content in the bronchoalveolar washes (BAW) from patients with COPD is 39.19 ± 19.54 nM and elastase activity was detected with the mean of 0.0149 ± 0.0037 UI/ml. The inhibition of this activity by the total oil of NS is strong with a IC50 of 104,69 ± 3,58 μg/ml. So the inhibitory effect on the elastase activity in bronchoalveolar washings (leucocyte elastase) by total oil was relatively higher than that observed on the pure élastase (porcine pancreatic ).From these results, onecould say that polar and non-polar lipids extracted from NS seeds possess an important inhibitory effect on the enzyme elastase which is heavily implicated in lung disease. This effect is likely to be due to the fatty acids presents on these lipid fractions. The physiopathology of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), is the co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is characterized mainly by an inflammation of the central and peripheral lung airways and pulmonary parenchyma, and by an imbalance of the balance protease-antiprotéase, which is the master key of the physiopathology of this disease. Research from Nigella sativa L seeds (NS) of inhibitors, to the highly raised elastase activity by activated polynuclear neutrophils and macrophages or to the reduction of α1 antitrypsin is of great medical and therapeutical use in COPD. In this context, we have attempted to assess and evaluate, in vitro, the effects of polar and non-polar lipids extracted from the seeds of the plant Nigella sativa (NS) on the protease activity of the enzyme elastase in the context of COPD and emphysema. The total oil of seeds of NS was extracted with a yield of 29, 21 ± 2,012 %, the separation of this oil by column chromatography (CC) was used to separate five non-polar fractions (92, 12 %) and three polar fractions (7,83 %). Analysis by gaz chromatography of polar and non-polar oils extracted from NS seeds showed revealed a high amount of non-saturated fatty acids. Inhibition of elastase activity pure (specific activity 3.96 μmôle / min / mg enzyme) by the total oil and different fractions revealed that the total oil fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect with IC50 of 129.29 ± 1.4μg/ml, while the different fractions exert a synergistic effect.The mean of protein content in the bronchoalveolar washes (BAW) from patients with COPD is 39.19 ± 19.54 nM and elastase activity was detected with the mean of 0.0149 ± 0.0037 UI/ml. The inhibition of this activity by the total oil of NS is strong with a IC50 of 104,69 ± 3,58 μg/ml. So the inhibitory effect on the elastase activity in bronchoalveolar washings (leucocyte elastase) by total oil was relatively higher than that observed on the pure élastase (porcine pancreatic ).From these results, one could say that polar and non-polar lipids extracted from NS seeds possess an important inhibitory effect on the enzyme elastase which is heavily implicated in lung disease. This effect is likely to be due to the fatty acids presents on these lipid fractions.