Néphropathie lupique et auto-anticorps : profil en auto-anticorps chez 35 patients atteints de lupus érythémateux systémique dans la région de Sétif

Abstract

The systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex connective tissue disease. It is clinically polymorphic and typically goes through cycles of flare-ups and remissions. This is a transversal analytic study of 35 cases with LES recruited from Teaching hospital of Setif during a period of five months, from January to May 2022, the aim of which is to determine the immunological profile as well as the clinico-biological features of the disease. The average age of patients was 37,29 years with sex-ratio (F/M) of 10.6. The most common initial features were rheumatological (94.3%), cutaneous (80%), renal (68.6%) disorders with predominance of LGN stage III. Immunologically speaking, AAN were detected in 97.1%, anti-DNA in 94.3%, anti-C1q in 65.7%, anti-nucleosome in 60%, and anti-Sm in 25.7% of patients. The analysis of antibodies according to some clinical manifestations shows that there is a significant statistical correlation between anti-SSA and neuro-psychiatric signs. However, due to the experimental conditions and despite the elevated anti-DNA, anti-C1q and anti-nucleosome, we could not establish a link between the profile of antibodies and the different forms of SLE. Therapeutically speaking, 91.4% of our patients have received systemic corticotherapy while 80% have been using Plaquenil. 65.7% of patients are undergoing evolution, and in 34.3% of cases, we have observed a renal function deterioration with a shift towards hemodialysis. In conclusion, our study confirms the clinico-biological polymorphism, as well as brings to light the high frequency of anti-DNA and a predominance of anti-SSA when it concerns the antiENA. These results show the importance of auto-antibodies in the diagnostic approach and clinic-biological characterization which allows better disease management.