Mécanismes moléculaires de la transposition

Abstract

Transposons, also known as transposable elements, are DNA sequences capable of moving from one location to another within the genome. They are classified into two main classes: Class I transposons (retrotransposons), which use an RNA intermediate in a "copy-paste" mechanism, and Class II transposons (DNA transposons), which mobilize via a "cut-paste" mechanism. This study focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in transposon mobilization. We examined the various types of transposases RNase H-like (H-like ribonuclease), HUH(Histidine-hydrophobic-histidine), serine, and tyrosine), their catalytic domains, and the enzymatic steps of the transposition process. A final chapter addressed the regulation of transposons (methylation, piRNA, HUSH complex), their role in genome plasticity, their implication in human diseases, and potential applications in biotechnology.