Exposition professionnelle parentale et risque d’hypospadias chez les enfants

Abstract

Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital malformation of multifactorial origin which can be influenced by the occupational exposure of parents to certain products, particularly during the periconceptional period (endocrine disruptors, radiation, etc.). Objectives: The main objective of our study is to determine the share attributable to the occupational exposure of parents in the occurrence of hypospadias in their children. Materials and methods: This is an analytical epidemiological study of the case-control type carried out using a questionnaire taken from the literature, between 2023 and 2025 at the level of the wilaya of Sétif et having included 205 hypospadic children and 200 controls with multicenter recruitment. Results: The local prevalence of hypospadias in the pediatric surgery department of the Sétif University Hospital during the year 2023 was 9.98 ± 2.79‰. 51.2% of parents of hypospadic children lived in rural areas, 38.0% near a farm, 21.5% near an incinerator and 20.0% near a landfill, compared to 10.5%, 7.5%, 6.5% and 6% successively for parents of non-hypospadic children. 25.4% of fathers of hypospadic children were exposed to solvents, 23.4% to pesticides and 18.5% to construction products, compared to 13%, 2.0% and 5.0% successively for fathers of non-hypospadic children. 34.1% of the fathers of the sick children were farmers (p<0,0001, OR;12,3, IC à 95% :5,9-28,4,FEe/OR :91,9%), and 19.0% had a job in construction (p<0,0001, OR ;2,89, IC à 95% :1,55-5,57, FEe/OR ;65,45%).46.3% of mothers of children with hypospadias were exposed to toxic products, including 25.4% to detergents, 9.8% to pesticides, 7.3% to hairdressing products, and 2.0% to solvents. Conclusion: Certain occupational exposures of parents could play a significant role in the occurrence of hypospadias in their children, hence the importance of strengthening preventive measures, particularly during the periconceptional period.