Évaluation de l’effet larvicide des extraits de plante Marrubium vulgare obtenus par différentes méthodes (extraction aqueuse, éthanolique, distillation d’huiles essentielles et hydrolat) sur les larves de Culex pipiens (Linné, 1758)

Abstract

This study aims to explore more effective and less harmful natural alternatives to control disease-carrying mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to contribute to highlighting the role of Marrubium vulgare extracts, a common species in northern Sétif, and comparing the effectiveness of these extracts as bioinsecticides against fourth-instar larvae of Culex pipiens, a species widely distributed in the region. Toxicity tests were carried out at different concentrations after two exposure periods (24 and 48 hours) under laboratory conditions, according to the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results obtained showed the sensitivity of Culex pipiens larvae to the three extracts of Marrubium vulgare, with a dose-response relationship. Lethal concentrations (LC90) were determined after 48 hours of exposure: 3.9 ml for the aqueous extract, 1.24 ml for the ethanolic extract, and 1.12 ml for the hydrosol. These results also indicate that the hydrosol is the most toxic compared to the other two extracts. In the context of mosquito control, the extracts of this plant could represent a natural and safe alternative to chemical pesticides, provided that further testing is carried out to evaluate their potential and environmental impact.