Etude comparative des eaux thermales de la région de Guelma, Nord-Est Algérie

Abstract

In order to make a comparative study on the thermal waters of the wilaya of Guelma in the extreme north of Algeria and to explain the phenomena and the origin of the thermal waters, Physico-chemical analyzes were carried out on five thermal springs. The hot springs of Hammam Debagh (Meskhoutine), Belhachani, Guerfa, N’bail and Ouled Ali represent the most exploited sources in the study area. The study region is part of the structural edifice of the Maghrebid chain, its climate is temperate. The descriptive analyzes of the physicochemical parameters and the application of the various diagrams showed that the hot waters are : sulphated calcium for the sources (Debagh, Belhachani), icarbonated calcium for the sources (Guerfa, Ouled Ali), and sodium chloride for the source N'bail, With an emergence temperature varying between 44 and 93 °C. The study of basic exchange indices showed that the thermal springs of Debagh, Belhachani, Guerfa and N’bails are sources of sedimentary origin, and the Ouled Ali source is of crystalline origin The Geothermal studies indicate that the lithological nature of the reservoir is evaporitic for the thermal springs of Hammam Debagh, Belhachani, and Guerfa. Clayey for the source of N’bail, and crystalline for the source of Ouled Ali. The hot springs of the wilaya of Guelma offer the opportunity for economic recovery thanks to thermal tourism. As well as the curative specificities against several diseases such as : Rheumatic, Dermatological, and neurological diseases.