Methodes De Preparation Des Echantillons En Chimie Analytique

Abstract

Sample preparation is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, directly influencing the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of results. This work presents a comparative study between classical methods (LLE, Soxhlet, acid digestion, conventional SPE) and modern microextraction techniques (SPME, DLLME, assisted techniques, and advanced sorbents). Classical methods remain robust and widely used, but they are limited by high solvent consumption, long analysis times, and poor compatibility with automation. Conversely, modern methods offer improved sensitivity, increased selectivity, and a significant reduction in environmental impact thanks to green chemistry and miniaturization. However, despite their performance, modern techniques do not completely replace conventional approaches due to economic, technical, and regulatory constraints. Thus, analytical chemistry is evolving toward a complementary approach combining classical and modern methods to meet the current requirements of environmental, pharmaceutical, and bioanalytical analyses.