Enquête sur les moyens de lutte utilisés contre le varroa dans la région de Sétif

Abstract

Beekeeping—the systematic rearing of bees—is a pivotal activity from both economic and ecological perspectives, essential for biodiversity due to the pollinating role of the honey bee (*Apis mellifera*). Beyond this major ecosystem service, the sector is distinguished by honey production. However, colony stability is currently compromised by numerous pathologies of bacterial, fungal, or parasitic origin. Among these threats, the ectoparasitic mite *Varroa destructor* stands out as the primary scourge of modern beekeeping worldwide. This parasite significantly weakens the bees' immune systems and acts as a formidable vector for deadly viruses. Combating *Varroa* has become a critical issue for the survival of apiaries. It now requires an integrated management strategy that harmonizes the judicious use of essential chemical treatments, the application of organic acids (such as oxalic or formic acid), and the adoption of rigorous biotechnological practices, thereby ensuring the long-term viability of honey production. This study involved a survey of the health status of bee colonies among 23 beekeepers in the Sétif province ; the results reveal that the majority of beekeepers use chemical products to treat their bees, notably Apivar. Varroa mites represent the most widespread major problem, and most beekeepers use the local breed (Apis mellifera).