Le kyste hydatique chez l'adulte dans la région de Sétif : Enquête épidémiologique, Analyse par le réseau des neurones (IA) et activités scolicides des extraits de plantes in vitro

Abstract

Hydatidosis, an infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a major public health problem in Algeria, which requires the development of modern and integrated approaches to improve its diagnosis and treatment. In this context, this study relies on two complementary axes. The first consists of a descriptive epidemiological study covering 200 clinical cases collected at the CHU and the DSP of Sétif in order to establish the epidemiological profile of the patients. To deepen this analysis, an artificial intelligence model based on artificial neural networks, specifically the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), was deployed. This approach allowed the extraction and prediction of the main risk factors, where the geographic region appeared as the most determining factor. In continuity with this global vision, the experimental part of the research focused on the search for natural therapeutic alternatives by evaluating the scolicidal activity of aqueous extracts and essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus rostrata) against the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. Laboratory trials gave promising results: for essential oils, clove oil stood out for the greatest efficacy in eliminating protoscoleces, while for aqueous extracts, eucalyptus aqueous extract showed the highest destruction capacity. These biological properties open encouraging perspectives for the use of these plants as an adjuvant treatment in hydatid surgery. The integration of epidemiological analysis, artificial intelligence, and phytotherapy thus proves essential for a better understanding and management of this pathology.