Mécanisme d’action et impact écologique des bioinsecticides dans la lutte contre les moustiques

Abstract

Mosquitoes are among the most important disease vectors worldwide, transmitting several infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and West Nile fever, which represent a major public health concern. For many years, mosquito control has relied mainly on the use of chemical insecticides. However, their intensive use has led to the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations and has caused negative impacts on the environment and non-target organisms. In this context, bioinsecticides have emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative. Based on microorganisms such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), entomopathogenic fungi, and plant-derived extracts, bioinsecticides have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing mosquito populations while minimizing environmental and health risks. Although their efficacy may be influenced by environmental conditions, application methods, and limited persistence in the field, recent advances in biotechnology have improved their performance and effectiveness. Therefore, the integration of bioinsecticides into integrated vector management programs represents an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling disease-vector mosquitoes while preserving public health and environmental balance.