Valorisation d’une plante médicinale algérienne

Abstract

This research focuses on the valorization of Globularia alypum, a spontaneous medicinal plant widely used in traditional phytotherapy in Algeria. The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach combining ethnobotanical surveys, botanical characterization, and phytochemical screening, with the aim of better understanding its empirical uses and scientifically assessing its therapeutic potential. The ethnobotanical survey, conducted among the general population and herbalists in the regions of Sétif and Bordj Bou Arréridj, revealed a wide diversity of traditional uses. The plant is primarily employed for the treatment of digestive disorders, glycemic regulation, wound healing, inflammatory conditions, and menstrual pain. The most common modes of administration include infusion, decoction, and powder. Most respondents reported notable effectiveness, with few adverse effects. From a botanical perspective, a rigorous description of the morphological and anatomical features of G. alypum was carried out, facilitating accurate identification. Macroscopic analysis highlighted the characteristics of leaves, stems, and flowers, while microscopic examination revealed specific structures such as secretory hairs, sclerenchymatous tissues, and anomocytic stomata. Phytochemical screening of the different plant organs demonstrated the presence of several groups of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, iridoids, anthocyanins, tannins, coumarins, leucoanthocyanins, mucilages, triterpenes, and phytosterols. These compounds are known for their diverse biological activities, notably antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties. The cross-analysis of traditional knowledge and laboratory findings revealed a strong concordance, underscoring the validity of empirical knowledge transmitted within local communities. These results highlight the relevance of a rational and controlled therapeutic use of this plant. In conclusion, Globularia alypum emerges as a promising medicinal resource with rich pharmacological potential. Further studies should focus on targeted pharmacological investigations, comprehensive toxicological evaluations, and the development of innovative and safe galenic formulations for medical applications.