Etude ethnobotanique d’une plante médicinale : Le ricin (Ricinus communis)

Abstract

ABSTRACT : Ricinus communis, locally known as “( ”الخروعEl Khorroa), is a widely distributed medicinal plant in Algeria and is extensively used in traditional medicine. It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is characterized by its seeds, which are rich in oil with numerous therapeutic properties. Used since ancient times, the plant is recognized for its effectiveness in relieving various ailments such as joint pain, skin disorders, digestive issues, and is also known for its natural laxative effect. As part of our study, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the wilayas of Bordj Bou Arréridj and Sétif, with the aim of collecting accurate data on the traditional uses of the plant among the local population. The survey, carried out using structured questionnaires, focused on identifying the most commonly used parts of the plant, the methods of preparation, and the types of conditions typically treated. The results showed that the seeds of the plant are the most commonly used part, primarily in the form of oil (70.7%) obtained either through cold pressing or boiling. This oil is widely applied externally as a balm, massage oil, or poultice to treat rheumatic pain, muscular inflammation, dermatological conditions (such as abscesses, wounds, and fungal infections), and is also used to promote hair growth. The leaves are used less frequently, mainly in artisanal preparations. These findings confirm the significant medicinal value of Ricinus communis ("El Khorroa") in traditional therapeutic practices, and highlight the growing interest from the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and Para pharmaceutical sectors, due to its potential in the development of natural, curative products