Les Anticorps Monoclonaux en Oncologie ( Oncorécepteur HER2 thérapie ciblée Trastuzumab )

Abstract

With the discovery of the hybridoma technology in 1975 by G Kohler and C Milstein, a generation of antibodies specific to a given antigen has appeared: the antibodies monoclonal. This technology consists in fusing a mouse cell producing a monoclonal antibody with a line of "immortal" human cells, having the particularity of dividing indefinitely. First chimeric, with 30% of proteins of murine origin, then humanized, with 5 to 10% of murine sequences, these antibodies gradually reduced the risks of immunogenicity. The development of antibody engineering has made it possible to obtain entirely human antibodies (by the phage display technique or transgenic mice). The antibodies can be used in the "naked" state or serve as a vehicle in order to transport a toxic agent (toxin, radioisotope, anti-cancer drugs) to the tumor site. Several therapeutic areas have benefited from the advent of these antibodies. Several studies have shown that the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor family signaling pathways plays a central role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival which has supported the development of anti-tumor strategies against these targets. One of the most significant innovative targets is HER2 (Human epidermal receptor 2). Treatment with monoclonal antibodies has very conclusive clinical results such as Trastuzumab in the treatment of breast cancer.