Les Réactions Allergiques Liées à la Perfusion des Taxanes

Abstract

Chemotherapeutic treatments are essential in the fight against various types of cancer. Among these treatments, taxanes, notably paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, play a crucial role. These antineoplastic agents work by stabilizing microtubules and disrupting the process of cell division, leading to the death of cancer cells. However, the use of taxanes is often associated with severe allergic reactions, posing a significant challenge for clinical management of patients. This study focuses on the allergic reactions associated with the infusion of taxanes. It is divided into two parts: a theoretical part addressing the different taxane molecules and the mechanisms of associated allergic reactions, and a practical part describing these reactions in women treated in the oncogynecology unit at the cancer center in Sétif. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to patients to assess the incidence and severity of allergic reactions. Our study results show that 30% of the patients had allergies related to the infusion of taxanes. All these patients received standard premedication the day before treatment, except for 26.67% who did not. The majority of allergic reactions (66.6%) occurred after several treatment cycles (more than two courses), indicating that sensitization to taxanes can accumulate over time. Most of the patients had grade 1 (46.15%) and grade 2 (38.47%) reactions, with only 15.38% having severe grade 3 reactions. Despite the premedication protocols used to mitigate these reactions, cases of severe reactions persist. These results underscore the importance of careful clinical monitoring and rapid intervention strategies to ensure the safety and continuity of treatment