Etude histologique et immunohistochimique chez les femmes atteintes de cancer du sein au niveau du service CAC-Sétif

Abstract

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled and chaotic proliferation of epithelial cells, often forming a tumor. It is the most common cancer in women. This incidence is low before the age of 35 and increases with age. Our work consists of conducting a histological and immunohistochemical study aimed at performing an analytical study on 25 patients diagnosed within 2 months (from 02-03-2025 to 02-05-2025) with breast cancer at the pathology department of the anti-cancer center (CAC) in Sétif. The results of the study show that breast cancer can affect all women at any age, but it particularly significantly affects women between 40 and 60 years old, with the left breast being the most affected and the superoexternal quadrant being the most marked. Invasive non-specific ductal carcinoma is the most dominant histological type, with a percentage of 100%. We classified our sample according to the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histoprognostic grade and subdivided our population into classes. This classification indicates that 11 cases are grade II, 6 cases are grade III, and 2 cases are grade I. Regarding the results of the immunohistochemical study, most women with breast cancer are double positive (RP+/RO+). For the HER2 score, we obtained a score of 0 and 1+ (14 cases), a positive score of 3+ (7 cases), and a score of 2+ (4 cases), which requires confirmation by in situ hybridization (FISH). For Ki-67, a high tumor proliferation is observed (43%-60%). Generally, chemotherapy is among the most commonly used treatments for breast cancer, and clinical monitoring of breast cancer patients through tumor marker measurement is crucial for prognosis and therapeutic follow-up.