La fréquence phénotypique ABO-RH –KELL chez les donneurs du CSW de Sétif

Abstract

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic act proven by its ability to save people who suffer from a deficit in labile blood products (PSL). On the other hand, it presents risks directly related to infections and immunological responses. These are mainly due to the genetic polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens, resulting in anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization, which can lead to transfusion deadlock situations. Our study was carried out at the blood center of Wilaya Setif on 5,000 blood donors of different blood groups in the period from October 2023 to March 2024, with the aim of determining the phenotypic frequencies of the antigens of the ABO, Rhesus D, Kell and other systems: Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Lewis and Lutheran among blood donors in the state of Sétif. The objective of this work is to improve transfusion safety among a population in eastern Algeria. The samples were taken in an EDTA tube for immunohematology tests and a heparin or citrate tube intended for serological examination. The ABO-RH grouping and the RH-KEL phenotyping are carried out by a serological technique based on hemagglutination. The results obtained show the predominance of the O group (52%) in the ABO system, the dccee (52%) in the Rh system, the k antigen (88%) in the kell system, Fy (a-,b+) with (58%) in the Duffy system, Jk (a-,b+) with (36%) in the Kidd system,M+N+S-s+ with (24%) in the MNSs system, The (a-,b+) is from (71%) in the Lewis system, and the phenotype Read(a-,b+) with (95%) in Lutheran. In conclusion, knowledge of the phenotype of red blood cells in blood donors is necessary to create a database related to the preparation of a local panel of test red blood cells. On the other hand, the prevention of antierythrocyte allo-immunity by the use of blood compatible with antigens is essential, as is the management of the presence of anti-erythrocyte allo-antibodies by supplying serocompatible blood to polytransfused patients.