New therapeutic approaches to treat acne using essential oils Nano-emulsions.

Abstract

Acne is a complex skin disorder resulting from a combination of factors, including the overgrowth of bacteria and fungi, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and sebaceous gland secretion imbalances. Due to the side effects of conventional treatments—particularly the growing issue of antibiotic resistance there is an increasing need to explore natural alternatives with multifunctional properties. This study aims to provide a theoretical overview of the physicochemical characteristics of four essential oils extracted from the following plants: Myrtus communis (myrtle), Cupressus sempervirens (cypress), Lavandula latifolia (broadleaf lavender), and Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal). Nanoemulsion technology is considered an effective approach to enhance the absorption, stability, and therapeutic efficiency of these oils. The study also reviews their biological activities based on previously published in silico (computational) studies. These investigations have demonstrated promising potential for the use of nanoemulsions of these essential oils in the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations for acne treatment, offering multiple functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, moisturizing, and insect-repellent effects.