Candida auris : Epidémiologie, Résistance aux antifongiques, et options de Traitement

Abstract

Candida auris is a multi-resistant haploid pathogenic yeast that has become a major threat to public health, particularly in hospitals. Since it was first identified in Japan in 2009, C. auris has spread rapidly across all continents, favoured by its resistance to antifungal agents (azoles, polyenes, echinocandins and flucytosine), its ability to form biofilms and to survive in a variety of environmental conditions. It is classified into five distinct clades. Precise identification requires the use of MALDI-TOFMS, molecular identification based on sequencing of the D1-D2 region of 28 S ribosomal DNA. The main risk factors include prolonged hospitalisation, use of medical devices and previous antibiotic or antifungal treatment. The resistance and transmissibility of C. auris make its epidemiological surveillance a priority, with recommendations for strengthening prevention and control measures, particularly hand hygiene and rigorous disinfection. The Algerian example highlights an unprecedented genetic diversity. A phylogenomic review has led to C. auris being reclassified as Candidozyma auris, indicating the complexity of its evolutionary history and its clinical impact. The aim of this literature review is to provide an update on the morphology, mode of transmission, identification, resistance to antifungal agents, and clinical significance of Candidozyma auris.