Profils épidémiologique, clinico-biologique des patients atteints du syndrome des anti phospholipides au niveau du chu Sétif et du chu Bejaia

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized clinically by thrombotic or obstetric manifestations, and immunologically by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Although classification criteria have been formulated, APS can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, hence the need to study its clinico-biological, epidemiological and therapeutic profile; the main objective of our work. Our retrospective study by medical record review included 22 patients diagnosed APS positive between 2018 and 2022, carrying at least one antiphospholipid antibody: LA, aCL or aβ2GP I. Our patients were predominantly female (77%). The pediatric population was less than six years old, while the adult population was less than 50 years old. More than a third of our patients had no previous medical history at the time of diagnosis, while thromboembolic and autoimmune manifestations were the main clinical manifestations prompting the search for ACC. Obstetrical forms accounted for 13%. The biological work-up was incomplete for the vast majority of patients, based essentially on a combination of TCK or PTT-LA and DRVTT screen for screening, supplemented by calculation of the Rosner index and DRVVT confirm. We found inconsistencies in results between the different tests, explained by differences in LA sensitivity between the tests. In conclusion, APS is a condition that affects both children and young adults. Thromboembolic, autoimmune and obstetric manifestations are often the circumstances of discovery, but APS can be asymptomatic and without previous history. Regarding the detection of LA, no single test is sensitive, and the search for LA must be based on a panel of screening and confirmatory tests.