Profile phytochimique et effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de Marrubium deserti de Noé

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, analgesic, and toxicological properties of the aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Marrubium deserti, a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family traditionally used for treating inflammation, pain, and digestive disorders. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of polyphenols (63.38 mg GAE/g of dry extract), flavonoids (6.24 mg QE/g of dry extract), and tannins (60.47 mg TAE/g of dry extract), indicating a rich content of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity was confirmed through multiple assays (DPPH, ABTS, iron chelation by ferrozine and phenanthroline), with IC₅₀ values of 0.37, 0.46, 1.29, and 0.44 mg/mL respectively, demonstrating a strong capacity for free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction. The analgesic effect, evaluated by the acetic acid-induced writhing test in rats, showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in abdominal contractions, with inhibition rates ranging from 60.82% to 78.99%. Biochemical tests revealed decreased hepatic enzyme levels: ALAT (from 145.38 to 80.66 U/L), ASAT (from 130.03 to 78.78 U/L), and PAL (from 244.66 to 100.66 U/L), along with stable creatinine levels, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect and no renal toxicity. Oxidative stress markers showed reduced hepatic GSH (from 6.99 to 2.12 mg/g) and MDA