Impacts du changement climatique sur le rendement du blé dur ( Triticum durum .Desf)

Abstract

This study addresses the impact of climate change on durum wheat yield in Algeria, a strategic sector for national food security. Through a climatological and agronomic analysis, it highlights the increasing effects of climatic disruptions—particularly rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall, and the multiplication of extreme events—on the agricultural performance of durum wheat across several agroecological regions of the country. The study is based on an extensive literature review, regional climate data, and observations from agronomic research. It shows that water and heat stress disrupt key developmental stages of wheat (germination, tillering, flowering, grain filling), leading to a significant decline in yields and deterioration in grain quality. Cryptogamic diseases and nutritional deficiencies are also exacerbated by the new climatic conditions. In response to these challenges, the study proposes agronomic adaptation measures such as adjusting sowing dates, introducing drought- and disease-resistant varieties, improving irrigation management, and adopting sustainable farming practices. It also emphasizes the importance of farmer training and agroclimatic monitoring to achieve more resilient agriculture.