Microbiote intestinal dans la santé humaine

Abstract

This thesis addresses the intestinal microbiota, a complex microbial system that plays a fundamental role in human health. It explores the composition of this system, its functions, and the factors influencing its balance. The work also highlights its close link with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, through mechanisms of dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and disturbances in metabolic processes. It examines various modulation strategies, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, as well as dietary interventions. Finally, the thesis presents current clinical applications and future perspectives, emphasizing the importance of the microbiota as a promising therapeutic target and a tool for personalized medicine.