Intérêts et limites des médicaments psychotropes dans la prise en charge de l’autisme de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Expérience de l’EHS Ain Abbassa (2015-2019).

Abstract

Autism is an early, severe and long-lasting developmental disorder involving abnormalities in socialization, communication, interests and activities. Patients with autistic syndromes often have brain abnormalities with a complex genetic origin that varies from patient to patient. Many children with autism have neurological and psychiatric co-morbidities. A global and intensive care is necessary for the clinical improvement of autistic children, allowing a relief of their strong anxieties and authorizing a better social and school integration. Psychotropic drugs find their place for many symptoms presented by these children. Their prescription is supported by recent research which provides rational arguments for their use, especially with regard to neuroleptics, some of which have a marketing authorization for this indication. This dissertation reviews the possible uses of psychotropic drugs in autism in children and adolescents with their neurobiological justifications. However, certain gaps limit the justification of prescriptions in autistic children and adolescents. There is no curative treatment based on a proven etiology of autism, and there is no specific drug treatment for language or socialization disorders.