Potentiel des actinomycètes des zones arides dans la lutte biologique et la promotion de la croissance des plantes pour une agriculture durable.

Abstract

In response to the increasing agricultural losses caused by phytopathogenic diseases and the environmental drawbacks of synthetic chemical products, agricultural research is increasingly turning toward sustainable biological alternatives. Among these, actinomycetes from arid regions have attracted growing interest due to their adaptability to extreme conditions (drought, salinity, nutrient stress) and their remarkable biotechnological potential. This literature-based study highlights the abilities of these microorganisms particularly those from the Streptomyces genus to produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites (antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes, antifungal compounds), which have demonstrated effectiveness against numerous phytopathogenic fungi. Their role as environmentally friendly biological control agents aligns with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Simultaneously, their contribution as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is based on mechanisms such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and atmospheric nitrogen fixation. These well-documented functions enhance plant biomass, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake.The body of scientific literature confirms that actinomycetes from arid environments represent a strategic resource for the development of multifunctional bioinoculants. Their dual action on plant health and productivity reinforces their key role in modern agroecological approaches, particularly under challenging climatic conditions.